The Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous Assignment

The Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous - Assignment Example As I entered the spot, I discovered individuals sitting and standing haphazardly. I got a seat close to the window and saw individuals; some making proper acquaintance, some halting, and some simply minding their own business. The gathering started at the executive read the Preamble, and drove the supplication. Various individuals read the concise writing of AA a short time later. In this Step Meeting of 10 minutes, I sat and tuned in to the â€Å"steps†. My interest in the AA thing was expanding. The Chairperson announced the progression that would be examined. I was so amazed to see that the specialists of the gathering were unashamed clearly that I can't generally review what step that was. Subsequent to perusing the progression part from Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions, the specialists were inquired as to whether they had any past experience identified with the progression and if any of them would accept that as an open door to impart it to other people.  The most intriguing piece of the entire gathering was to watch others portray their own encounters and battles with liquor and drawing their connection with the progression being talked about. Individuals began talking during the gathering. They began by telling their name and status as drunkards to one another. In a steady progression, each orderly stood up, said his name, portrayed his story, got audience’s acclaims and settled down. â€Å"In the least complex structure, the AA program works when a recouped alcoholic goes along the account of their own difficult drinking, depicts the restraint the person has found in AA and welcomes the newcomer to join the casual Fellowship† (heavy drinkers anonymous.org.uk, 2014).  Of all the various sorts of indications, I found that the most unmistakable reasons for liquor reliance were sociological and mental.

Reflections on Kim by Rudyard Kipling essays

Reflections on Kim by Rudyard Kipling articles Who am I?, What am I Some individuals live their whole lives attempting to address these inquiries, and some pass on, not knowing. We have our folks, companions, our fantasies and desires who manage us as we continued looking for our personality. We need fathers to give us the foundation of our character, moms to support us and assist us with building character, companions to help us through the excursion and our fantasies to guide us into that bearing. Kim never knew his folks, however his ethnicity (British) and culture (Indian) gave him what he expected to set out on his excursion with bearing and character. In transit, he met individuals who turned into the guardians he never had Teshoo lama and Colonel Creighton as his dads and Kulu as his mom. Despite the fact that we, as Kim, have these individuals, it is totally dependent upon us to discover what our identity is. They are basically there to direct us through our mission and encourage us what we should know. As gooey as it might appear, I think about the excursion of life as attempting to prepare a cake just because without a formula. For the individuals who have a thought of heating, they realize how to experience the entire procedure with bearing. Be that as it may, as apprentices, it doesn't exclude them from committing errors and starting from the very beginning once more. We see different people groups cake and attempt to perceive how they did it, some copy, others experience it on their own way. Be that as it may, we all, eventually, become dumbfounded that we welcome some assistance from the individuals who know. Making a cake is a procedure of working from what we have, preparing it and toward the end, include icing. Not we all succeed. There are a few of us who, after a couple of attempts, surrender. Their incomplete cake would lie stale on the ledge, going stale constantly. In any case, for the individuals who buckled down towards the culmination of the errand, the finished result might be the lousiest tasting thing, or the most disproportionate cake throughout the entire existence of humankind, yet they have figured out how to adore it. Since it is THEIR cake and it... <!

Reading About the Dead

Reading About the Dead One of the most common resolutions made by readers in the new year is to make more time for non-fiction. It is a resolution that I have made many times, but it was only in the last year or two that I have been able to keep it. I have done so by reading memoirs that read more like novels and by reading about a topic that has fascinated me since I watched Stand By Me for the first time when I was 10 years old. I am fascinated by dead bodies. If recent twitter conversations are any indication,  I know that I am not alone in this fascination. To satisfy that curiosity, I have put together a little list of books. Hopefully, it will also inspire a few readers to keep that New Year’s resolution. The Girl with the Crooked Nose: A Tale of Murder, Obsession, and Forensic Artistry by Ted Botha Released in paperback on January 3, The Girl with the Crooked Nose relates the experiences of forensic artist Frank Bender, who passed away in July at the age of 70. This book focuses on just one of the 9 murders he solved over the course of his career. His story is fascinating because he was not trained to do what he did. His skills came from a near obsessive fascination with giving a face to the dead. This case, in particular, focuses on the feminicidios, or the more than 400 young women who have been killed and buried near Juarez, Mexico, since 1993. After a decade without much in the way of a lead,  authorities approached Bender for help. The book chronicles his attempts to solve their mystery, particularly that of “the Girl with the Crooked Nose.” As he works, he comes to realize that maybe this mystery is one that he is not meant to solve. Death’s Acre and Beyond the Body Farm Dr. Bill Bass and Jon Jefferson Death’s Acre was my first voluntary non-fiction read. The book talks about the road that led Dr. Bass to his career as one of the world’s leading forensic anthropologist and the formation of the research facility affectionately known as the Body Farm. The book is his story, and personal details are included, but he does not concentrate on those details. He lets the cases he has worked, and the victims he has helped, do the talking. Beyond the Body Farm continues where Death’s Acre ends. The two books are very similar in terms of tone and subject matter, but this one reads more like a novel. This is likely because of the series of novels that  Dr. Bass and his writing partner, Jon Jefferson, collaborated on in between the two books. The Body Farm novels, written under the name Jefferson Bass, are loosely based on Dr. Bass and the cases he has solved. The sixth book in the series, The Bone Yard, was released in March 2011. Stiff Mary Roach Stiff is a look at the interesting lives that the dead lead. For most people, death is not a simple matter of decomposing, undisturbed in the spot in which they die. A lot of stuff can happen to a person after death, from the traditional burial preparations to the truly macabre. Roach focuses on the more creative uses for cadavers, most of which came about in the name of science. Chapters in the book include: “Dead Man Driving: Human crash test dummies and the ghastly, necessary science of impact tolerance” and “How to Know if Youre Dead: Beating-heart cadavers, live burial, and the scientific search for the soul.” What fascinates you? Let us know what you would like to learn more about, and we will help you satisfy your curiosity with the perfect non-fiction read. ____________________________ Cassandra Neace teaches college students how to write essays and blogs about books and book-related goodness at Indie Reader Houston. Follow her on  Twitter:  @CassandraNeace

Foreign Direct Investment Disadvantages - 4797 Words

There is a lot to be said for big retail to come to India, but we cannot simply be taken in and mimic something which is being pushed down our throats because those who make the policy appear to not have the faintest clue on how retail really works in India If there were clear answers in black and white to the question, there would really be no need for any debate on the issue, but the truth is that it is simply not that simple. On a philosophical and emotional level, the answer could be that any form of foreign participation in a domestic market is rife with dangers of the colonialism sort, but in this day and age, while the core concept of being wary of foreign dominance may still be true, the fact remains that there are plenty of ways†¦show more content†¦It is not too much to ask for them to match the Indian standards—unless those who made the policy are ashamed of our prowess. 5) The investments in retail by the FDI route, when they come, should come only through a short-list of recognised tax adherence countries. The misused option of FDI coming in through known or suspect tax havens needs to be blocked—firmly. Likewise, full disclosures of the strictest sort need to be made on who the investors are—again, these cannot be suitcase corporate identities hiding behind consultants and banks in shady tax havens or other countries. Unlike what happened in, for example, airlines, Indians need to know who is investing and from where. And in case there are legal issues, then we need to know who the faces are who will go through the Indian legal system, unless those who made the policy are ashamed of our legal system. 6) The payment processing and cash management as well as tax adherence part of this industry, both in terms of procurement and sale, need to be through the Indian banking system. And by fully transparent methods, so that float as well as control remains in India at all times, as is the case in developed countries. Proprietary payment processing and cash management methods of the sort that take this control out of India need to be firmly denied—the FDI retailer needs to be on aShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Foreign Direct Investment Essay1810 Words   |  8 PagesEvaluate the advantages and disadvantages of Foreign Direct Investment with particular reference to any one low-income country of your choice. Foreign Direct investment is an increasingly important outlet for resource transfers between industrial and developing nations. According to the world bank, FDI is a form of investment occurring when a business enterprise operates, has control or obtains a substantial degree of influence on the management of an enterprise in another country (generally 10%Read MoreWhat Are the Main Advantages and Disadvantages of Foreign Direct Investment as a Means of Entering New Markets?1007 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the main advantages and Disadvantages of foreign direct investment as a means of entering new markets? Support your answers with real examples, where possible. â€Å"There is increasing recognition that understanding the forces of economic globalization requires looking first at foreign direct investment (FDI) by multinational corporations.† (Blonigen) This shows the importance of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) to the world’s economic and commercial flows. It is the pulse that drivesRead MoreForeign Direct Investment Essay621 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Foreign Direct Investment Definition: An investment made by a company or entity based in one country, into a company or entity based in another country. Foreign direct investment has many forms. Broadly, foreign direct investment includes mergers and acquisitions, building new facilities, reinvesting profits earned from overseas operations and intra-company loans. Advantages of Foreign Direct Investment: 1- Develop Country: One of the primary benefits of foreign direct investment is thatRead MoreEconomics: Foreign Direct Investment Essay690 Words   |  3 PagesWhat impact will the prospect of deprivatization have on investment by managers of privatized firms? The prospect of deprivatization will impact managers of privatized firms because under this policy, certain past privatization would be declare illegal and the transactions would be reversed. 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Further more the production will be able to take advantage of lower labour cost allowing them to better compete withRead MoreEntry Strategy in International Business1593 Words   |  7 Pages9.0 Entry Strategy 9.1 Introduction Entry strategy is about the decision to enter which foreign market, when in what scale and regarding the choice of entry mode. In our case we have already decided to enter the UK market and offer our products to a selected niche initially. It is the case of entry mode we should address in this chapter. The various modes to enter foreign markets are vast. A few popular methods are, exporting, licensing or franchising to host country firms, establishingRead MoreChile : A Global Perspective1141 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization business model, while tailoring our actions to the local environments. The Chilean economy is very internationalized. The country draws a high inward foreign direct investment due to its sustained economic growth and stability and due to favorable investment and business development climates. Chile is committed to trade and investment liberalization. Chile is the first country in South America to sign a free trade agreement with the USA (effective January 1, 2004). (Mogab, Spring 2011) SinceRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Indian Economy1572 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy of globalization is particularly important for a developing nation like India where it has led to a tremendous growth. In 1991, the Indian economy faced a huge cash crunch consisting of high inflation, high and unsustainable fiscal deficit. The foreign exchange crunch of 1991 led India to open up its economy towards other nations. The concurrent processes of liberalization, privatization and globalisation has been going on since 7 then. Major measures initiated as a part of the liberalizationRead MoreThe Law Of Comparative Advantage1611 Words   |  7 Pagesa practical implementation of the law of the comparative advantage should than make both party better off. Li, X., Liu, X. (2005) conduct a study on how Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) ,which often result from bargains between governments and MNCs, affects economics growth . The result of the study expressed according to the authors a direct relation between FDI and economic growth and they state: there is a strong complementary connection between FDI and economic growth in both developed and developing

British Death and Burial Records Online

Ap Government Chapter 15 Study Guide Free Essays

1. Why was the bill of rights added to the constitution? a. The framers thought a bill of rights was not necessary because the constitution spelled out the extent of the feds power. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap Government Chapter 15 Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Blah blah blah (now at the top of page 487) In 1791 the states ratified 10 amendments and the nation had a bill of rights. The BOR imposed limits on the national gov but not on state gov. b. So†¦ all in all I’m really not sure what the exact answer is. Sorry bro 2. Difference between civil liberties and civil rights c. Civil liberties (sometimes referred to as â€Å"negative rights†) are freedoms that are guaranteed to an individual. These are restraints on the gov. Civil liberties declare what the government cannot do. d. Civil rights (â€Å"positive rights†) are powers and privileges that are guaranteed to the individual and protected against arbitrary removal at the hands of the gov or individuals. Like the right to vote or free expression and stuff. 3. The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion in two clauses: e. The establishment clause- this prohibits laws establishing religion. f. Free exercise clause- which prevents the government from interfering with the exercise of religion. g. Together, these ensure that the government can neither promote nor inhibit religious beliefs or practices. 4. Know where phrase â€Å"Wall of separation between church and state† appears and comes from h. In 1879, the Supreme Court contended, quoting Thomas Jefferson, that the establishment clause erected â€Å"a wall of separation between church and State. † 5. Lemon v. Kurtzman bottom of 490-491: in 1971, the court struck down a state program that would have helped pay the salaries of teachers hired by parochial (parochial means of or relating to a church or parish) schools to give instruction in secular subjects. . The justices proposed a 3 prong test for determining the constitutionality of gov. programs and laws under the establishment clause: i. The must have a secular purpose ii. Their primary effect must not be to advance or inhibit religion iii. They must not entangle the government excessively with religion. j. The program in Lemon v Kurtzman did not satisfy t he last prong of the test. The government would have had to constantly monitory the program which would have cause and excessive entanglement with religion. 6. Engel v Vitale (bottom on 493) in 1962 the court struck down the daily reading of a 22 word nondenominational prayer in New York’s public schools. Justices stated that official state approval of prayer was an unconstitutional attempt on the part of the state to establish a religion. This decision drew a storm of protest that has yet to subside. k. In class I wrote down that he told us we needed to know the difference between freedom of beliefs and freedom of practice but I really don’t see how that has anything to do with this court case.. like whateverrrr coach sybert. l. He also said to note the â€Å"Certain things you can’t do and hide behind religion. The one we talked about in class was the guy with the snakes† So I’m clueless yet again. 7. Strict scrutiny- A neutral law that burdens the free exercise of religion is subject to strict scrutiny. This means that the law may be upheld only if the government can demonstrate that: m. The law is justified by a â€Å"compelling governmental interest† n. The law is narrowly tailored to achieve a legitimate goal o. The law in question is the least restrictive means for achieving that interest p. That was on page 496 and you may need to read the paragraph to understand the definition in context 8. Scheneck v U. S. (pg 498)- Charles Scheneck and his fellow defendents were convicted for attempting to disrupt WWI military recruitment by distributing leaflets claiming that conscription (conscription is enlistment for state service, typically the military) was unconstitutional. The gov believed that this behavior threatened public order. q. There’s supposed to be a famous quote we get out of this case but the quote is a whole big paragraph. Here is an excerpt from the quote: iv. The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such nature to create a clear and present danger that will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent† v. That’s known as the clear and present danger test. Duh. r. Because the actions of the defendants were deemed to create a clear and present danger to the US at t hat time, the Supreme court upheld their convictions. 9. Tinker v Des Moine Independent County School District (pg 500)- involved 3 public school students who wore a black armbands to protest the Vietnam War. Principles in their school district had prohibited the wearing of armbands on the ground that such conduct would provoke a disturbance; the district suspended the students but the Supreme Court overturned the suspensions. s. Justices declared for the majority that the principals had failed to show that the forbidden conduct would substansially interfere with appropriate school discipline. t. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦fear or apprehension of disturbance is not enough to overcome the right to freedom of expression. † 10. Chaplinsky v New Hampshire (500)- In 1942 Walter Chaplinksy, a Jehovah’s Witness, convicted under a state statute for calling a city marshal a â€Å"God-damned racketeer† and â€Å"a damned fascist† in a public place, appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court upheld Chaplinksy’s conviction on the theory that fighting words do not convey ideas and thus are not subject to first amendment protection. u. Fighting words- words that inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace. v. To dumb it down- he was found guilty because the things he said were not protected by the first amendment. 1. Reno v ACLU (501)- the supreme court upheld the lower court’s ruling in June 1997 by unamimously deciding a broad affirmation of free speech rights in cyberspace, arguing that the Internet was more analogous (analogous means comparable) to print media than to television, and thus even indecent material on the internet was entitled to First Ame ndment protection. 12. New York Times v Sullivan (502)- First off you need to know that libel is the written defamation of character. A person who believes their name and character have been harmed can sue. In this case, the supreme court declared that freedom of the press takes precedence—at least when the defamed individual is a public official. w. The court agreed that the first amendment protects the publication of all statements about the conduct of public officials, except statements made with actual malice. x. Actual malice- with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard for their truth or falsity. y. 3 years later, the court extended this protection to apply to all public figures, not just government officials. 13. New York Times v United States pg 504- z. Prior restraint case dealing with the pentagon papers {. Supreme court doesn’t believe in prior restraint although you can be punished after the fact. And in order for the supreme court to prevent publication they have to have a really good reason- have to prove immediate, inevitable, and irreparable harm following the publication of the documents. |. First amendment offers protection against government censorship 14. Case in Louisville, Kentucky- a reporter who had researched and written an article about drug related activities was called on by a grand jury to identify people he had seen in possession of the drugs. The reporter refused to testify, saying that freedom of the press shielded him from this inquiry. }. In a closely divided decision, the supreme court rejected his position stating that no exception is permissible to the rule that all citizens have a duty to give their government whatever testimony they are capable of giving. ~. He had to give up the information and some of his freedom to maintain order 15. Bong hits for Jesus. Pg 505- supreme court upheld the suspension of the boy who held up the sign at an outside school event. School officials may prohibit speech if it could be interpreted as promoting an illegal drug use. 6. The 2nd amendment states â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. . If you are a gun control advocate- you focus on the first part and your argument is that everyday citizens are not part of a militia. . If you are NOT a gun control advocate- you fo cus on the second part that your right to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 17. D. C. vs Heller- (federal level)- was a challenge to the strictest gun control statute in the country. It barred private possession of handguns and required trigger locks and stuff. The court ruled in a 5-4 decision that it is a constitutional right to keep a loaded handgun at home for self defense. 18. McDonald v Chicago– (state level)- this case had the same ruling as the first one except this one was on a state level. 19. Bill of attainder- a law that pronounces an individual guilty of a crime without a trial. 20. Most freedoms protected in the BOR today function as limitations on the states. The changes have been achieved through the supreme court’s interpretation of the due process clause of the 14th amendment: . Due process clause-â€Å"nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without the due process of law. † This clause has 2 central meanings: vi. It requires the government to adhere to appropriate procedures. vii. It forbids unreasonable government action. . Under this clause you have a trial by jury available to you, if you can’t afford a lawyer they’ll provide you with one, etc. Not all states have the same number of jurors. Supreme court says minimum of 6. 21. Gideon vs Wainwright- pg 511 case made due process applicable to the states. The state must provide you with a lawyer if you cannot afford one. 2. Miranda Warnings-protects against self incrimination. comes from Miranda v Arizona 23. Exclusionary rule- Something discovered as the result of an illegal search cannot be used in trial. Mapp vs us on 512 24. The exception is the good faith clause- U. S. vs Leon. Pg 513? 25. Griswald v Conneticut- 517 personal autonomy. Could the state outlaw birth control. Zone of privacy that exists because of the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th amendment. . Birth control is a personal choice. 26. Rowe vs. Wade- extension of Gridwald. You should have choice on child bearing. Blah blah blah. Struck down abortion laws. Due process clause 2 FREE RESPONSE. ANSWER BOTH 1. First amendment and the freedom of speech. Freedom of speech is not absolute. Explain (or give 2 examples of) 2 limits on speech and the related cases a. Fighting words- Chaplinsky b. Idk 2. Similar concept. Rules against illegal search and seizure and self incrimination protect your right to a due process. c. One rule regarding illegal search and seizure, and the case. Explain how that protects your due process d. One rule regarding self incrimination and the related case and explain how that protects your right to due process of law. How to cite Ap Government Chapter 15 Study Guide, Papers

Solar charger free essay sample

Shenzhen Slinya Electronic Co. , Ltd. , was founded in 2001. As an experienced company specializing in designing, engineering, manufacturing and selling various kinds of products, such as accessories of computer and mobile phone, fashionable electronic product, electric gifts, novelty lights lighting, promotional gifts crafts and other various kinds of promotional items. Slinya owns not only the advanced production equipments and strong development strength, but also a group of technicians and veteran workers with rich skill and good trainings which are the backbone of the fast and convenient delivery and best service for customers. Customers satisfication has always been main goal, Slinya has an professional quality team and many precision testing equipments to ensure that all products have the best quality control. They also have gotten the official certificates of ISO9001: 2000 ISO14001: 2004 from third party organization, and all products are internationally recognized with RoHS compliance. Slinya Group always hold on to technology creation and marketing development, continuously promote our competition, and do the best to satisfy markets requirements with companys flexibility, so as to provide best service and best products to their customers. The products have been distributed and exported to many countries all around the world, such as the United States, Europe, South Asia, Middle East and other areas. They have won the high reputation and long term cooperation from customer both at home and overseas. Products and Services 10000mAh Power Bank Portable Solar Charger Rechargeable Solar Battery Product Features: Product Price RM105 per 1; 200 pieces is RM60 This product is a multi-function solar emergency charger. Meet an emergency: When you go to outside or power cuts, you also can use your mobile phone with solar energy. Convenience: Whenever and wherever you are, you can charge your mobile phone in time, and you could talk with others when charging. Environment protect, save resource: You can use solar energy to charge your mobile phone wherever and whenever. Exquisite workmanship, high-capacity Solar efficient charging Multi voltage mode, extensive support for laptop and mobile digital devices Multiple intelligent security protection: over current, overvoltage, overload and short circuit protection LED remaining power smart tips Capacity: 10000mAh Input: DC 5V 1. 0A (max) Output: DC 5. 0V 2. 1A (max) Solar panel: 1. 5W The battery indicator: 4-LED indicate (charging, full of bright blue light) Connectors for mobile phone: for iPhone 5, for iPhone, Micro USB adaptor, for Mini USB, For Nokia N70 Size: 132 x 79x 14mm Weight: 226g Color: Black, Silvery, Hot Pink, Blue Package Included: 1? 10000mAh Solar Battery Charger 1? Charger Cable 4? Charger Adapters 1? Retail Package Shenzhen LETSOLAR Technology Co. , Ltd Shenzhen LETSOLAR Technology Co. , Ltd was established in 2005, the headquarter and RD department is located in Nanshan, Shenzhen city. We integrate research, development manufacture and specialize in solar charger as well as portable charger field. With strong RD capacity, LETSOLAR not only continuously improve main products solar charger portable charger, but also develop solar lighting system, solar pack, solar torch, solar DIY kit, etc. They emphasize on products RD and build a 7 people RD team of electronic, structure, shape. All the products have China appearance patent. LETSOLAR also pay attention to products environmental property. All the products are under CE RoHS certificate and correspond with EU REACH regulations. Also some products are USA FCC approved. In 2012, LETSOLAR has moved to a new manufacturing base, the building area is more than 2,500 square meters. New factory including mold-tooling design, product development, plastic injection and manufacture process. In this way it will improve our RD, manufacture and quality control capacity, and they can give you quick response and better service. Products Services Tiger Series Of LETSOLAR Big Power Solar Charger 6000mAh Product Detail Product Price RM 170 per 1 Brand name: Letsolar Type: Solar Output: 5V/2. 1A 5V/1A Solar Panel: high efficiency solar panel Power display: LCD Place of Origin: Guangdong. China Input: 5V/1A Weight: 195g Use; Charger for all phones Battery: Li-Polymer Capacity: 6000mAh Output port: 2 USB Micro USB Size: 92mm x 152mm x 20mm Packaging Delivery Packaging Detail: neutral package Delivery detail: 15 20 days after reiceve the paymenbt Specification 6000mAh Li-polymer battery, can charge iPhone 300% High efficiency solar panel Three output Inbuilt cable Self-charging time: 12 hours by laptop, 7 hours by 5V/1A travel charger Ningbo Yinzhou Guanya Optoelectronics Co. , Ltd. Ningbo Yinzhou Guanya Optoelectronics Co. , Ltd company was established on 2008, its professional in exporting solar products and portable chargers, aiming at global market. their goal is to supply green products to our customers with good quality and prices. The products include solar charger, foldable solar charger set, solar LED flashlight, solar keychain, outdoor solar light, portable charger, phone charger, power bank and so on. They are widely used in daily life, camping, travel, exploration, searching and for emergency use. They strictly execute ISO9001:2000 production standard to meet customer requirements. Most of the products are certified by CE, RoHS and EN-71. Our engineers could customize personalized design and packing to ensure their customers acquire the competitive products. They could also offer customers with OEM service to fit the distribution. Since 2012, we have issued a very important plan for opening oversea markets. We can supply D/A 30-120 DAYS services for our good customer to open their local market. We believe that in this way we can grow up together in the future. Products Services 14 W High Efficiency Waterproof Portable Folding Solar Charger Product Detail Product Price RM160 per 1; 200 pieces is RM110 Brand name: ASHIRY Type: Solar Colour: Black, Navy, Etc Safety: Yes Place of Origin: Zhejiang, China Environment protection: Yes N. W. : 900G Use: most of the electronic products, Applicable to all types of mobile Portable Folding Solar Charger: High Efficiency Waterproof Portable Folding Wattage: 14W Characteristic: waterproof portable OEM: Yes Packaging Delivery Packaging Detail: portable folding solar charger packing: white box or custom design package Delivery detail: about 20 days after confirmed portable folding solar charger Specification Portable folding solar charger Sunlight exchanged rate is 18% Capacity of solar panel: Mono-crystalline silicon solar panel 14W Output: 5v/18v A(MAX) Opening size: 890mm x 280mmFolded size: 180mm x 280mm Accessory: 1x USB-DC cable with 4 adaptors: Nokia, Samsung, Micro USB adaptor, Mini USB adaptor 1x DC Tieline with 10 connectors Charge most of the electronic products when you are out of home, such as iPhone, Ipad, camera, Navigation tablet computer, camping lantern and other similar electronic products directly without the battery or as a power source to recharge the batteries for use in AA or AAA battery powered devices, or recharge the power bank battery An ultra-lightweight power supply charges smart phones and USB gear anywhere. Its perfect pocket-sized companion and wont weigh you down, only charge you up so youre always connected. SWOT Analysis Strengths Low price compare with other competitors Robustness is a must X-tended 2 year warranty X-tra port to charge 2 devices simultaneously Weakness Size of solar charger is too big compare with other competitors Small target market only targeted Malaysian and local company Low promotion and advertisement within above-line-promotion and below-line-promotion Opportunity Support and encourage environmental afforestation Attract awareness on the important of green environment Green concept is a potential world trend that can attract young generation Threaten Spend long time for fully charge compare with electronic charge Only available often for those country which have one seasons as summer like Malaysia, Indonesia and etc Low awareness of community about the important of green environment

Short Report GIS Data Organization. Chapter Summary

Data management is an important part of GIS operation. However, there is a major difference between information in general and GIS data organization in particular. Fazal offers an overview of data and its use in GIS in a chapter of his book GIS basics.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Short Report: GIS Data Organization. Chapter Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although information and data are usually referred to as synonyms, in GIS perspective, there is a huge difference between the two. Despite the fact that in GIS, these two notions are admittedly related, they are still technically not the same. In the specified chapter of his book, Fazal explains that data is the source material, whereas information is the result of data analysis. Data can exist as a linguistic, symbolic, or mathematical expression, and even a signal. Information, however, exists only in the form of a message delivered to a recipien t from a sender. At some point, Fazal states in a straightforward fashion that â€Å"data are facts† (Fazal, 2008, p. 100). In other words, the concept of â€Å"data† embraces all elements known as facts, which can be stored in a database, such as images, programs, rules, etc. Hence the function of an information system is defined – the latter is supposed to convert data into information through conversion, organization, structuring and modeling. Apart from the difference between data and information, there is a huge gap between geographic data and data in general. Geographic data concerns solely providing characteristics for features and resources of the Erath. A geographical reference is another important feature of geographic data – as a rule, latitude and longitude are available to the recipient of the geographic information instantly. In addition, geographical data is supposed to be used for solving geography related problems. Containing both a descr iptive (non-spatial) and a graphical (spatial) element, geographic data provides a three-dimensional view of the current state of the Earth, as well as major geographical issues and dilemmas. Among the issues that GIS data can help solve, a reasonable use of exhaustible resources and the means to restore renewable ones are the priority. When dealing with the use of GIS data, one must keep in mind that it has three dimensions: a temporal, a thematic and a spatial one. Temporal data concern time related information, thematic data concerns a particular problem, and spatial data allow locating the affected areas.Advertising Looking for report on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The difference between the spatial and non-spatial data is also to be kept in mind. Spatial data characterizes a particular area or object within this area by denoting its â€Å"location, shape, size, and orientation† (Fazal, 2008, p. 100). Non-spatial data concerns the information that is unrelated to geometric considerations. It is typical to refer to the elements of a non-spatial, or descriptive, data as a â€Å"data item† (Fazal, 2008, p. 86). The organization of data items is rather specific and can be viewed from four major perspectives. The first one is a Data Perspective Information Organization (DPIO); the second one is called a Relationship Perspective of Information Organization (RPIO) and describes the logical links between objects. The third one is the Operating System Perspective of Information Organization (OSPIO) and describes the link between directories. The fourth and the last one, the Application Architecture Perspective of Information Organization (AAPIO) describes the link between the client and the server. In particular, the DP links descriptive and graphical elements. The two have different requirements concerning data storage and organization, and DPIO helps create the environment for p reserving each. Descriptive data, or a data item, is considered the basic unit of information organization. Forming a record, a set of data items is collected into a data file with a unique file name (text file or ASCII file). A numeric data file is called a binary file. These files may form a one-dimensional (vector) or two-dimensional (matrix) array. If the data are arranged in columns and rows, the file is called â€Å"a table† (Fazal, 2008, p. 88). If the data is structured in a complex system with branches, the file is called â€Å"a tree† (Fazal, 2008, p. 88), with â€Å"leaves† and â€Å"nodes.† As a rule, â€Å"leaves† are larger in value than â€Å"heaps;† otherwise, the binary tree is called â€Å"a heap.† The heap sort algorithm sorts data from columns to heaps. Since recently, a database approach is associated with computing. The RPIO method classifies the data with the help of the scale of measurement. The latter is split into four grades, which are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. A nominal level is usually textual, and an ordinal one is numerical. An interval level is a list of numerical data linked to an arbitrary datum, and a ratio level is a list of numerical data linked to an absolute datum. Thus, in the RPIO system, the categories are rather broad. It is usually hard to include spatial relationships into the data set. However, it is possible with sufficient storage space.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Short Report: GIS Data Organization. Chapter Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The above-mentioned means of information organization might seem rather clear and relatively easy to utilize. However, without knowing the difference between a data file and a database, one might find the descriptions of the four types of information management quite confusing. Therefore, the line between the two concepts must be d rawn. Fazal stresses that there are three basic differences between a data file and a database. A data file traditionally includes a collection of the same or similar data records and description, while a database includes interrelated records with possibly different data and descriptions. More importantly, a database may include several data files, though it does not necessarily have more than one. The processing procedure is another important distinction between a database and a data file. Fazal shows that data file processing is usually related to programming and computing, whereas database processing is always related to a database management system. Finally, a data file is used for spontaneous information check, acquisition, or analysis, while a database is traditionally used on a regular basis. As a relatively more complicated concept than a data file, a database deserves a closer consideration. Fazal explains that database models are the means to organize databases and define s four key types of these models: relational, network, hierarchical and object-oriented ones. Relational data are represented in a manner resembling a table; network data are introduced as a set of records organized according to their types; hierarchical data are listed in accordance with a parent-child principle and based on one-to-many relations; object oriented data are classified in accordance with unique characteristics of the objects included into the data set. The spatial, or graphical, data is also often referred to as the graphical data. Graphical data are split into basic graphical elements. Traditionally, three major graphic elements are distinguished; these are a point, a line, or an arc, and a polygon, or an area. From a dimensional perspective, a point is equal to zero (0), a line is equal to one (1) and an area is equal to two (2). The three elements in question depend on each other: areas consist of lines, lines consist of points, and points, in their turn, are defin ed by coordinates (latitude and longitude).Advertising Looking for report on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The use of the above-mentioned elements in GIS to represent geographic characteristics of a particular region is usually referred to as a vector method (a vector data model). A vector method requires that the spatial component of a geographical database should be used in order to characterize a particular area. Because of its focus on the features of a physical object, the given type of data representation is defined as a method based on the â€Å"object view of the real world† (Fazal, 2008, p. 92). The positioning of a specific database element as an object represented the way in which it is viewed in the real world is not the only method adopted in the GIS system. Before defining the levels of data abstraction, one should set the concepts of data model and database model should be defined. A data model includes all raster and vector methods of reality representation, whereas a database model is a software implementation of a data model (Fazal, 2008, mp. 93). The highest lev el of data abstraction is denoted as a data structure. Several levels of a data structure (DS) are traditionally distinguished. A descriptive DS shows how non-spatial data was designed and used. A descriptive data structure exists either in the form of a relational DS, or in the form of an object-orientational data structure. A graphical DS may exist as a vector or a raster DS. The latter is represented by such subcategories as â€Å"irregular tessellation (e.g., triangulated irregular network (TIN)), hierarchical tessellation (e.g., quad tree) and scan-line† (Fazal, 2008, p. 94). A vector DS can be implemented as a spaghetti DS, a hierarchical DS, etc. The third type, a georelational data, is supposed to represent geographical information. The existing spatial data (point, line (arc) and polygon (area)) is characterized by two types of spatial relationships (proximal and topological). The OSPIO is linked directly to computing. Unlike in DPIO or RPIO, in OSPIO, directories ar e the primary method of information organization. Directories are also known as folders, which help organize data in a hierarchy – there is a root (topmost) directory in a computer, a sub-directory (the one below the topmost directory), and a parent directory (the one above a sub-directory). A directory structure was created for bookkeeping purposes and has a unique name assigned to it once a directory is created. The concept of workspace is used along with the notion of directory and is defined as a directory which the files of a specific project belong to. AAPIO, in contrast to DPIO or RPIO and OSPIO, is based on client–server relations. Like OSPIO, AAPIO is usually associated with computer databases and hinges on the data management processes in a particular computer or a telecommunication network. A client is a process that requires services, while the server is the one that facilitates them. The client–server architecture works in many ways, yet file server s, database servers, transaction servers, web servers and groupware servers are the most popular ones. With file servers, information is requested from a particular file; with database servers, a structured query language (SQL) request is sent from the client to the server; with transaction servers, a server transaction must be carried out to acquire information; with web servers, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used as the primary means of communication between the client and the server. Finally, groupware servers are based on the interface, which facilitates communication and information sharing between users (clients). A pure client–server setting provides an immediate access to remote data sources and a subsequent transfer of the retrieved documents to the client. The data structure demands that information should be sorted according to the frequency of its usage. Data that is supposed to be utilized for specific purposes and data that is used on a regular basis sho uld be stored in different databases with different security levels. The choice of a database depends on the type of data. To be more exact, it is necessary to determine whether the data in question is spatial or not. Fazal claims that spatial data are â€Å"multi-dimensional and auto-correlated† (Fazal, 2008, p. 100), while non-spatial data are â€Å"one-dimensional and independent† (Fazal, 2008, p. 100). For spatial data, order is crucial; therefore, the traditional type of databases cannot be used to locate geographical data. With the invention of new types of databases, new means of coordinating them appeared, though. The current DBMS (database management systems) provide two solutions for data arrangement in GIS: 1) providing the user the ability to access all data through DBMS (â€Å"total DBMS solution†); 2) leaving a direct access to some of the data that is inaccessible otherwise (â€Å"mixed solution†). A repository is viewed as an alternative s olution for the problem of data storage. The functions of a repository are restricted by adding data, retrieving it, and deleting it from the system. In some cases, the data added previously can be changed. However, in most cases, changing data in a repository is prohibited for security reasons. Speaking of DMBSs, a user can navigate them by using commands in different languages, such as a data definition language (DDL), a data manipulation language (DML), a query, and a query language. DMBSs have three levels of abstraction, unlike data itself; these levels are known as a physical level (database implementation), a conceptual level (expression of the model of the real world), and a view (a user group portion of a database (Fazal, 2008, p. 103)). In order to structure data appropriately and define the relationship between its elements, data modeling is used. Traditionally, conceptual, logical and physical data modeling is distinguished. In the course of data modeling, a mathematical formalism known as a data model emerges. A data model is composed of a notation for data description and a range of operations for data manipulation. Process modeling is also mentioned among the data modeling types. The given concept, however, is process-oriented and cannot technically be associated with the three data-oriented processes above. Data storage is a relatively hard task that needs to be approached with due responsibility. Knowing the basics of GIS information management, one can use it to the full potential. Therefore, Fazal’s Spatial data structure and models is a crucial piece of information that helps understand the GIS principles better. Reference Fazal, S. (2008). Spatial data structure and models. In S. Fazal (Ed.), GIS basics. New Delhi, IN: New Age Publications. This report on Short Report: GIS Data Organization. Chapter Summary was written and submitted by user Larry Riddle to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Letter that Started the Dream essays

The Letter that Started the Dream essays Hes a man way out there in the blue, riding on a smile and a shoeshine ... A salesman is got to dream, boy. Charlie says this in Death of a Salesman. He says this to explain that without dreams a man has nothing to look forward to. Columbus letter to Queen Isabella is an early expression of the American Dream and the concept of America as a Paradise. Columbus letter to the queen emulated the American Dream because it provides people the hope and dreams necessary for them to take a risk by coming to the New World. Columbus wrote his letter to create a paradise in Queen Isabellas mind. If he had just described everything the way it is, it wouldnt seem as beautiful and wouldnt really grab her attention. He did not lie to her. All he did was extend the truth. There is no way to make something that is written feel just as amazing as the real thing, so Columbus had to exaggerate the letter in order for it to have the same breathtaking sensation as being right there with him. In the interior are mines of metals, and the population is without number. In this part of the letter Columbus tells the queen of the possible riches to be found in the New World. Very much like the American Dream which people throughout the world come here to attain. The main reason people immigrate here is to make money and be successful. The mines of metal Columbus spoke of were another great reason the Queen would be interested in funding more of his trips. The money and the possibilities that exist in the United States are the main incentives for people to come here. Countless times throughout the letter Christopher Columbus tells how beautiful the New World is and makes it into a paradise. One of the most intriguing parts was when he stated that the trees never lose their foliage. This is one of the descriptions that make the land seem magical, and make it feel like a dream come true. This is an early ...

Economic Policy and Personal Decisions Research Paper

Economic Policy and Personal Decisions - Research Paper Example In the long run equilibrium, the economic growth is dependent on three factors the growth in labour force, amount of capital available to the workforce, and the rate of technological advance. If we consider, an economy where the aggregate demand is due to an increase in spending, Cashell observes that this demand can be satisfied by either raising the prices or increasing real production. If the economy is operating at full employment, and the stock is at full capacity then an increase in demand is met by an increase in the prices of available goods and services. Cashell states that, for a fully employed economy, increased government spending does yield an increase in the nominal GDP (2005). Let us consider the wage. This forms a main element of cost in the economy of any country. A higher wage rate does translate into a higher cost this means a less profit will be incurred at any given price. A squeezed profit for any company means a cut back on production. A wage increase in any ec onomy would mean a decrease in the number of goods and services supplied at a constant price. During a recession, the economy is a short-run equilibrium. In such an environment, it is difficult for the wages to be increased; however, this can be counteracted by a fall in prices, and thus the recessional gap can be seen as shrinking. This led the economy to equilibrium at full employment. Cashell concludes that if wages and prices fall unusually slowly then it is possible for the economy to endure a prolonged period of production below potential GDP (2005).

The impact of socioeconomic inequalities on mother-child HIV Thesis

The impact of socioeconomic inequalities on mother-child HIV transmission and the therapeutic intervention in South Africa - Thesis Example Absolute poverty in this case is the inability for one to meet basic need while relative poverty is whereby individuals and the community lag behind in welfare. According to Mail Guardian (2011), almost half of South Africa population lives below the poverty line, surviving on just over R500 a month. Though poverty levels have been decreasing over time, the country still lags behind due to the high level of unemployment. It is estimated that only 41% of adults are employed (Mail Guardian 2011). According to Cox (2008), poverty has caused a significant effect on the financial power of the affected women than men. According to Rosenweig et al. (1998), lack of adequate finance, affordable housing, and skills have exposed single parents to engage in dangerous promiscuity like prostitution hence increasing their risk of contracting HIV and Aids. In South Africa, women accounts for more than 57% of individuals living with HIV (Henry 2005). Moreover, majority of women living with HIV are within 25 to 35 years (Henry 2005). This is a childbearing age hence; there is a very high likelihood of having mother-to-child HIV transmission. In response to the effect of HIV and mother-to-child transmission, the government of South Africa has come up with various intervention strategies. Among them is public health education, advocating for Caesarean section during delivery, substituting breastfeeding after delivery, use of antiretroviral drugs for the infected mothers and tax waive on antiretroviral drugs (Haarmann 2000). However, Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are the most popular of all the interventions on mother-to-child HIV transmission (Chigwedere et al. 2008). It increases child survival and decreases HIV related morbidity and mortality. For a pregnant mother to be able to use ARVs, the person goes through several phases with screening for pregnancy being the first stage. Upon

The Theory Of The Doctrine Of Affections

The Theory Of The Doctrine Of Affections We will doubt, first, whether all of the things that have fallen under our senses, or which we have ever imagined, any one (of them) really exist; in the first place, because, we know by experience that the senses sometimes err and it would be imprudent to trust too much to what has once deceived us; secondly, in dreamsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦we imagine numerable objects which have no existence.  [1]   In this quote Descartes explains that senses are unreliable and that we cannot trust them for they have been proven to lie. It is interesting, then, that music is such a popular art form, for it depends heavily, and almost solely upon listening. While a full knowledge and understanding of music cannot be discovered from a purely auditory approach, simply listening to music has the ability to subconsciously entice emotions within an audience. This link between mood and sonority grew from ancient Greek philosophy and extended well beyond the eighteenth-century, but came to its height during the Baroque Period (ca. 1570-1780). The Baroque idea called the Doctrine of Affections held this idea to be true; it was the belief which held that by making use of the appropriate and established musical methods of the time, the composer could create a piece of music which was able to produce a particular and involuntary emotional response within the audience. It was a compilation of thoughts and m usical techniques from many composers and philosophers from age of the Enlightenment, most prevalently Renà ¨ Descartes.  [2]  As previously stated, some of the principles of this concept date back centuries, to philosophers such as Aristotle, who showed that orators employed the rhetorical means to control and direct the emotions of their audiences.  [3]   However, musically the idea came to its height during the age of the Enlightenment and can be seen throughout Baroque music in instrumental pieces of great composers such as Bach and Rameau, but is especially profound in opera, due to the greater emotional stimulation caused by music and text simultaneously portrayed. The Theory of the Doctrine of Affections originated with Descartes. Descartes believed that music was centered on rationalized truth; he held that the ideas of science may not be favorable to the arts, but the understanding of science enhanced the arts possibilities. This idea relates back to his rationalist idea which was represented in the Doctrine of Affections; that knowledge is found in concepts, principles, and laws, and not just in experiences or unrefined sensations.  [4]   As such, by using scientific inquiry to understanding the biological workings of the body it was possible to attain accuracy and specific truth upon these systems which could then be used within music to rouse human emotions, and thus could increase the potential of the arts. But, simultaneously: By using empirical observationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they may come to accept some system which has logical consistency, but little relevance to the world in which we live.  [5]   Using the ideas of scientific observation in this way could greatly inhibit the very purpose of musical expression. The very groundwork of the Doctrine of Affections can be summed up by a rationalist idea, which states that when human emotions and thoughts were suitably written within the poetry or libretto for a particular composition, the texts could then be enhanced with a proper musical line, in an attempt to bring intellectual abstractions into the realm of the passionate concrete.  [6]   The Passions, according to Descarte: Include love, sadness, hatred, desire, wonder, joy, and sorrow. Passions are predicated by actions of the soul and set into motion by contents of the blood stream. The soul is excited by the moving passions which direct a mans will. It is on the passions, good or evil, that life depends. Passions have an effect on the psyche, and uses the idea believed by philosophers and Biologists, that passions are found in the spirits contained in the blood stream.  [7]   Each passion is associated with a specific physiological symptom. For example, the breath might accelerate and the heart beat may quicken. Descartes believed that it was possible to predict the external emotions that would result from the various passions the music intended to arouse. His influence over composition was remarkable.  [8]  Writers that followed, such as Johann Mattheson, described the composers thought process towards composition as such: that the music does not express the emotion of the composer to be, for example, sad and anguished, but rather the composers attempt to create a work of art which would sadden the listeners. Also, he says that this emotional power which the music has over the listener is not necessarily outwardly shown, but the emotional effect is personal and comes from the listeners individual experiences.  [9]   Descartes Compendium Musicae and his Traite des passionse lame (catalogues or compilations of the basic human passions  [10]  ), which became popular during the Baroque period became widely studied. These publications were two of many of the age, but were the first to give musicians tangible and practical directions for appropriate and affective use of intervals, for example, happy emotions tended to be represented with wide intervals, while sadness was represented with narrower intervals.  [11]  As aforementioned, the emotional reaction to the effect which music has upon the body, used in attempt to direct the emotions of the audience, was particularly profound when used in vocal music, especially opera, due to the text to music relationship which enhanced the expressive development. This was a concept originally derived from Greek and Latin Doctrines on rhetoric and oratory  [12]   and also expressed within the philosophy of the Doctrine of Affections. In each individua l piece, the composer would try to arouse a particular type of emotion within the audience, for example, hate, anger, jealousy, or rage, but would only use one emotion at a time. He would use particular musical devises to entice emotion within the listener, which would parallel the ability of text to do the same.  [13]  One of the most famous of Baroque composers was Handel. He believed that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦plainness and simplicity had the greatest effect upon human emotion as he endeavored to write for the voice, more in the natural tones of the human affections and passions.  [14]  ( A study in Handelian Thought 55) As such, Handel composed greatly within the concepts of the Doctrine of Affections, in attempt to provoke the passions and incite human emotions. Also, conductor Nicholas McGegan believes that Handel had great insight into underlining human emotion and his characters are absolutely human.  [15]   As previously stated, Handel composed within the realm of the philosophy of the Doctrine of Affections. As such, his arias and oratorios are written in such a way to combine the emotional context of the libretto with a musical line which would unconsciously bring about predetermined emotions within the audience. Three types of arias found during the Baroque period were those that depicted rage, happiness, and lost love. According to Johann Mattheson rage is much better at using all forms of musical inventions than more pleasant passions. However, it is not adequate enough to simply use loud dynamics and quick rhythms, as this violent quality has its own personality and requires forceful expression without losing sight of the beauty of the musical line.  [16]  The main devices used during a rage aria can be seen in an expanded theory of intervals explained by the Philosopher and Composer Rameau. Assuming that the basic human qualities of rage include anger, violence, sorrow, grave ness, harshness, and aggression, Rameau would conclude that a rage aria would include: whole and half steps, used to represent anger or sadness due to the contraction of the body; minor thirds, descending fourths, augmented fourths, minor sixths, and major sevenths. Also rage or anger would be seen in a fast tempo and most likely a minor key.  [17]  The rage arias of Handel directly follow this theme. Handels famous aria Empio, dirà ², tu sei from his opera Giulio Cesare is a classic example of a Rage aria. The first importance of this piece in terms of the Doctrine of Affections is the text: Empio, dirà ², tu sei: Togliti agli occhi miei Sie tutto crudeltà ¡ Non à ¨ di re quell cor, Che donasi al rigor Che in sen non ha pieta (I say you are a villain, Remove yourself from my sight, You are cruelty itself. This is not the heart of a king That abandons itself to such harshness, That contains no pity.) This is Giulio Cesares furious Act 1 aria in which he chastises the Egyptian general, Achilla, who has just returned to him the detached head of the Pompeo, the noble Roman general. This aria expresses Ceasars rage, and as such, Handel wrote it in c minor and in the tempo Allegro. The aria also includes many rushing scales, arpeggios, and uneven figures. From the very first opening line, the orchestral overture creates uneasiness and dread in the listener by use of running scales, large leaps, and awkward intervals (m1- 9); this agitation is affirmed by a very strong vocal entrance by the castrato, Giulio Cesare, which begins with a descending scaler line and is followed by larger leaps (m.11). . Throughout, the vocal line can be described as extremely intense- containing extensive coloratura with rushing scales (m14-16; m24-25; 32-34), arpeggios, and drastic interval changes would create an understanding of rage even in a listener who did not understand the words, for example, when Cesare says Sie tutto crudeltà ¡ (You are cruelty itself), the vocal line implements jumping intervals as well as a brief chromatic passage (m35-37) Also, throughout the piece the orchestra is particularly restless, and includes running passages, large leaps, arpeggiated figures, which also create an uneasiness. All of these factors contribute to quickening the heartbeat of the listener, providing them with an emotional relation and understanding of Giulio Cesare, just as if they, themselves were the raging party. The understanding of the text along with the extreme musical line and accompaniment creates an even more vivid picture of Cesares intense anger and rage and pulls the listener even further into the emotion, raising the blood pressure further and thus, physiologically causing the raging and uneasy emotion within the listener. Among the passions was also the emotion of joy. Mattheson held that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦joy was an expansion of our soul, and thus it follows that reasonably and naturally that [one] could best express this affect by large and expanded intervals.  [18]   According to Rameau joyous music was also represented by great intervals, but additionally was shown with Major key and fast tempo.  [19]  The Air Oh! Had I Jubals lyre from the Oratorio Joshua by Handel implements these philosophies within the vocal line and orchestral accompaniment. Oh, had I Jubals lyre, Or Miriams tuneful voice! To sounds like his I would aspire, In songs like hers rejoice. My humble strains but faintly show, How much to Heavn and thee I owe. This is one of Handels later works, and it is based upon the biblical stories of Joshua. Essentially, Moses and the Israelites, after being freed from Egypt are told by God that they must maintain their faith to him for forty years in the wilderness before being allowed into the promise land, they do not obey him and send in spies to check out the land after two years. Long story short, Joshua and Caleb, of the younger generation maintain their faith within God and are thus allowed to enter the Promise land, while the disbelievers perished in the desert. In the bible, Jubal is quoted as being the ancestor of all who handle lyre and pipe  [20]  and Miriam is the sister of Moses and Aaron who was believed to have been a prophet. This is a simple song of happiness and praise sung by Achsah, the daughter or Caleb. Firstly, the piece is written in A major and in the tempo Allegro. From the opening of the piece, large and sonorous intervals and chords are heard and a feeling of ease an d happiness is apparent. When the soprano, Achsah enters, her line outlines an A major chord (m 10-11) and continues to move within a beautiful major key area. Although in some parts of the piece there are running passages (m21-24; m41-44; m 46-47) there continues to be large intervals and major chords throughout the accompaniment below. This stability below the quickly moving and florid passages allows the emotion of joy and happiness to be maintained throughout the piece. The piece begins and ends in a major key and throughout it implements large intervals and a consonant tone. These foundations musically create a joyous emotion within the audience because they entice openness within the body physiologically; the listeners emotional reaction, therefore directly parallels the sonority of the musical line and accompaniment. Another of the passions outlined by Descartes included love. Within opera, a common theme of unrequited or lost love is prevalent. This absence of love, which is sought by a character, brings about an emotion which is a combination of sadness and hope, and abstractly creates love. On sadness Mattheson states: Sadness is a contraction of the subtle parts of out bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it is easy to see that the small and smallest intervals are most suitable for this passion.  [21]   To create the feeling of lost love, this emotion is combined with the passion for hope. In regards to this emotion Mattheson explains: Hope is a pleasant and soothing thing: it consists of a joyful longing which fills the spirit with certain courage. Hence, this effect demands the loveliest use of voice and the sweetest combination of sounds in the world, for which courageous longing serves as a spur as it were; yet so that even joy is only moderate, courage nevertheless enlivens and animates everything, which yields the best combination and uniting of sounds in composition.  [22]   This combination of the passions of sadness and hope can be used to understand the emotion of love. Mattheson shows this: Love is in fact essentially a diffusion of the spirits.  [23]   Love is therefore a diffusion or combination of joy or hope (expansion) and sadness (contraction), depending upon the type of love which is occurring. For example new and young love would be represented in a more joyous way, with larger and more expansive intervals musically. However, lost or unrequited love would be represented to attract sadness or small intervals, but also to entice hope, by using larger and more expansive intervals which are pleasant and soothing, because the character continues maintains some hope that love will eventually result from the sadness and loss, thus musically drawing the listeners into their melancholy but optimistic emotion. The philosophies of the Doctrine of Affections can again be seen in the aria O Sleep, why dost thou leave me? from the opera Semele by Handel. O sleep, O sleep, why dost thou leave me? Why doust thou leave me? Why thy visionary joys remove? O sleep, O sleep, O sleep again deceive me, O sleep again devieve me, To my arms restore my wandring love, My wandring love, Restore my wandring love, Again deceive me, O sleep, To my arms, restore my wandring love. The plot line of the opera is essentially thus: Semele is in love with Jupiter, but is about to Marry a man called Cadmus at the temple of Juno. Before the ceremony, however, Semele is snatched from the temple and taken to the heavens where Jupiter builds her a grand palace. Juno is angered by this and asks the god of sleep, Somnus, to help her in her revenge. In this aria Semele has been deprived of sleep, and thus, deprived of her dreams of her lover who cannot be with her. The piece is written in a major key, but in the tempo largo. This, from the first chord of the piano, shows the parallel between happiness and sadness that are present during lost love, the emotion of hope can be seen in the large interval jumps in the left hand of the piano accompaniment (m1-4) Semeles first phrase is very quiet, slow and repetitive; it uses a beautiful scalar line of second intervals to show her anguish for the loss of her lover within dreams. Underneath her beautiful line is a similarly runni ng pattern within the piano, which is characterized with some leaps to bring about a slight feeling of hope and happiness (m 8 in both hands; m 9 in both hands; m11-end in the arpegiated left hand) The sadness comes to a height on the second page when there is a long running passage upon the word wandring, (m 17-18), but hope is seen in the ending of the piece with the interval leaps upon the word restore, coming to the climatic and beautifully quiet G sharp, before desending again into sadness (m24-25).

Norman Jewisons Movie The Hurricane Essay -- Movie Review Essays

Norman Jewison's Movie "The Hurricane" The problem of racial discrimination has been portrayed in many films in the last 15 years. However, The Hurricane does a masterful job at addressing this issue, and will leave audience members clenching their fists in anger at the injustice that happened to a man named Rubin "Hurricane" Carter. The movie demonstrates the racial inequity that can be found in our judicial system through the impressive acting by Denzel Washington and the direction of Norman Jewison. The Hurricane makes you wonder who else has been wrongfully accused in the past 30 years. The Hurricane creates moments of amazing heartfelt punches dealt by Denzel Washington (Rubin "Hurricane" Carter), Vicellous Reon Shannon (Lezra Martin), and the three Canadian friends, Live Schreiber (Sam), Deborah Unger (Lisa), and John Hanna (Terry). All of the actors and actresses produce feelings of love, camaraderie, and determination that causes the audience to jump up and cheer. The movie starts with the story of Rubin Carter and his fight for the middleweight championship. He lost the match in a rigged bout to a weaker opponent. Although, Rubin dominated the ring, he lost the title. The fight foreshadows the racial discrimination that will be played throughout the movie. Later in the movie in the Lafayette Grill two African-American males of middle build murdered three people at the all white establishment. Rubin Carter and John Artis were accused of being those two men. Carter and Artis went to prison for three life sentences. The future looks slim for Carter, however, a pivotal change comes when Lezra Martin discovers Carter's book. The movie focuses on the portrayal of Rubin Carter as he spends 20 years in prison. The a... ... a way that leaves them cheering at the end, takes this film to another level. Jewison has established himself as a great director and reconfirms that with this movie. He is no stranger to racially intensified films. He directed In the Heat of the Night in 1967 and was slated to direct Malcolm X, but refused after a few key people reacted negatively to the idea of a Caucasian male directing the film. The Hurricane, based on the life of Rubin Carter, brings alive the fears, anger, and frustration that he experienced. The Hurricane is no exception for Washington's stunning performances or Jewison's great directing, so if you are looking for a moving, deep, and engrossing film run to your nearest Blockbuster and rent The Hurricane. It is a movie that needs to be seen not just for its value as a good movie, but for its undeniable call for justice and racial equality.

Argument Essay

During Tom Robinsons trial for his crime, Tactics is questioning Male Lowell about what her side Of the Story was, these questions make her nervous and Tom realizes it which leads him to show empathy towards her. â€Å"Yes, such. Felt right sorry for her, she seemed to try and rest of ‘me ; You felt sorry for her, you felt sorry for her? † (pig. 264). The quote shows how Tom truly felt towards Male and during this time period it wasn't the normal thing to do. Tom showing empathy for Male can be surprising at most because of what she did to him but him doing this shows his kindness towards others.After all the accusations on Tom by Male and all the hardship he is going to have to face, this quote shows what kind of a good man Tom is. Empathy from Tom is also shown when he supports her. Tactics was on his feet, but Tom Robinson didn't need him. â€Å"l don't say she lying' Mr.. Gilder, say she's mistaken in her mind. † (pig. 264). In the quote Tom is speaking on beh alf of Amylase's accusations and how none of them were actually true. Tom says that she is just mistaken in her mind instead of she is Wing because he wants everyone to know that he has empathy towards her.By switching his words to accommodate to a more kind side shows how Tom wanted Male to not be accused of anything or in any kind of trouble. Tom Robinson, even though wrongly convicted of things he didn't do, shows immense amounts of empathy towards Male. Miss Maude shows large amounts of empathy towards Boo Raddled when she explains to the children why Boo has decided to stay inside. â€Å"His name is Arthur and he's alive. What a, morbid question. But I suppose it's a morbid subject. I know he's alive, Jean Louise, because I haven't seen him carried out yet. (pig. 54). Scout asks Miss Maude if Arthur ‘Boo' Raddled is really still alive and her response shows how she shows empathy towards him, even if it is very subtle. Miss Maude knows he doesn't want to come out of his h ouse so instead of being rude she just strictly answers her question. Miss Maude also acknowledges how Arthur doesn't really want to be talked about so she almost scolds Scout by telling her it is a morbid question. This is also evident when she answers another one of Scouts questions. â€Å"Arthur Raddled just stays in the house, that's all.Wouldn't you stay in the house if you didn't want to come out? (pig. 55). This quote shows how Miss Maude can relate to Arthur Raddled by how she answers this question about Boo. In response to Scouts question she tells her what if Boo doesn't want to come out? Her saying this shows how she has empathy for Boo and how she knows what it is like to be left out or shunned. She knows this feeling by how the foot-washing priests treat her. This proves that even though Miss Maude is a lot of talk she still has a pure heart. During this time period African Americans were not really accepted into society.So Tactics shows empathy towards Tom and all Afr ican Americans by Ewing Toms lawyer which was a job no one wanted to do. â€Å"scout', said Tactics, ‘Niger-lover is just one of the terms that don't mean anything like snot nose. It's hard to explain – ignorant, trashy people use it when they think somebody's favoring Negroes over and above themselves. † (pig. 1 07). In the Story a running theme is segregation and Tactics Finch shows many examples of him showing empathy towards them. In this quote he is saying that the word Niger is only rude and unintelligent, he knows that anyone who uses the word is no good to any extent.Tactics is showing how he truly doesn't appreciate any foul language towards anyone which shows how he has empathy towards others. Miss Maude then explains to Scout some other kind things Tactics has the tendency to do. â€Å"There are some men in this world who were born to do our unpleasant jobs for us. Your father is one of them. He's the only man in these parts who can keep a jury out so long in a case like this† (pig. 283). The quote is showing how Tactics is a humble man coming from the mouth of Miss Maude, which shows the audience that what Tactics does is for the greater good of the community. Since he decided to defendTom without any arguing which means he wanted to help him, showing his true generosity. This quote also is saying that Tactics will do anything for anyone in need because of his empathy towards them. Tactics is known for being a humble man and these examples prove it. Some people may not agree or accept that some of the citizens of Macomb can actually show empathy towards African Americans. It is true in some points of the story their are some examples of people disrespecting people of the opposite race. One example could be when the news of Tom Robinsons death reaches the town and no one responded. Argument Essay

Microeconomics Externalities, Market Power Assignment

Introductory* Micro*economics 316-102 *Sem 1*,2010 Assignment 2: Genevieve Blanch QUESTION 1. Externalities in this situation exist where the Government, Country or Private Organisation decides to launch a new satellite causing costs and benefits to other members of society which do not impact on the G,C or PO. Such externalities include: NEGATIVE (Costs to other members of society) Hazard to the useful working satellites that surround Earth. Threat to our dependence for communications, broadcasting and surveillance. Debris from one collision causing a second, which creates still more debris and collisions. A socially optimal outcomes occurs when then the social maximal benefit†¦show more content†¦The free rider problem comes from the fact that a public good is â€Å"non-excludable†. It’s when decision makers own well being can be improved by making others pay for the good. Satellite launches are public goods because they are neither excludable nor rivalr ous in consumption. People cannot be prevented from using a satellite launcher and one persons use does not reduce another persons use of it. Solutions: Government supplies satellite launches. The government takes over as supplier of satellite launches. They must calculate the SMB and SMC deciding on an efficient quantity, keeping in mind the willingness to pay of satellite launch consumers. Then, using the Lindahl tax the government could finance provision of the satellite launchers by asking consumers with higher revenue to pay more. This means that consumers share of the Social marginal benefit is multiplied by the cost of the launcher. (SMB x Cost=Lindahl tax). The government provides increased incentive to supply clean satellite launchers by assigning property rights. Involves assigning ownership of launchers to certain suppliers who can charge other consumers for using the launchers. QUESTION 2: Relative importance of fixed costs and variable costs in the retail grocery industry? 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